Saturday, July 23, 2016
Diabetes type 1?
Diabetes type 1 is characterized by an absolute deficiency of insulin caused by an autoimmune attack on the β cells of the pancreas. In type 1 diabetes, the islets of Langerhans become infiltrated with activated lymphocytes, leading to a condition called insulitis.
Prevalence of type 1 diabetes is 5%–10% and age of onset is <30 Years and speed of onset of type 1 diabetes is rapid as compare to type 2 diabetes and the pateints of type 1 diabetes are usually thin.
Genetics Family history uncommon
Associations. Other autoimmune diseases: Graves disease, Hashimoto thyroiditis, pernicious anemia,
Addison disease
Pathogenesis:Lack of insulin Pancreas devoid of β-islet cells Insulitis: T-cell cytokine destruction
(type IV hyper senstivity reaction) and autoantibodies against β-islet cells (>80%) and insulin (>50%) (type II HSR) Triggers for destruction—e.g., viruses
Clinical findings:Polyuria (osmotic diuresis from glucosuria), polydipsia(excessive thirst) (↑POSM), polyphagia(excessive hunger), weight loss Ketoacidosis (hyperglycemia, coma; production of ketone bodies); lactic acidosis from shock (losing sodium by osmotic diuresis from glucosuria)
Treatment: Insulin
